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Unit 10: Citing Sources
Lesson 5: In-Text Citations
All three citation styles require you to use in-text citations to cite sources within the body of your paper. MLA and APA styles require you to enclose in-text citations in parentheses. The Chicago Style requires footnotes or endnotes.
MLA Example: (Smith, 20). Smith is the author’s last name. The number 20 is the page on which you found the information in the resource you are citing.
APA Example: (Smith, 2005, p. 100). Smith is the author’s last name. 2005 is the date of publication. The number 100 refers to the page on which you found the information in the resource you are citing. Unlike MLA, the APA Style requires date of publication in the parenthetical citations.
The Chicago Manual of Style uses footnotes or endnotes, which are numbered notes placed at the bottom of a page or end of your paper. Footnotes and endnotes contain the same information listed in your bibliography, in addition to the page number on which you found the information. For example:
Text of Paper
“If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation”13
Footnote or Endnote
13. Miriam Gurko, The Ladies of Seneca Falls (New York: MacMillan, 1974), 25.
13 is the number of the footnote or endnote within the text of the paper. 25 is the page on which the information was found in the book, The Ladies of Seneca Falls.
Bibliography
Gurko, Miriam. The Ladies of Seneca Falls. New York: MacMillan, 1974.